Which of the following statements best describes electrons in electrical conduction?

• A. Neutrons
• B. Ions
• C. Electrons
• D. Protons

Answer: (C)

Electric conduction in metals occurs because electrons act as the charge carriers. In a solid metal, many electrons are loosely bound and can move through the lattice of positive ions when a voltage is applied, forming an electric current. Neutrons are electrically neutral and reside in nuclei, so they don’t contribute to conduction. Protons are confined to the nucleus and don’t move through the material. Ions can carry current in electrolytes or molten salts, where they’re free to move, but in solid conductors like metals the flow of charge is due to electrons.